Spaghetti Scenarios · Global risk
The loss of species and ecosystems advances until the services nature gives us stop working: pollinating crops, cleaning water, forming fertile soil, regulating the climate. It is a silent risk: there is no day of disaster, but a loss that builds up little by little. It does not mean immediate human extinction, but losing the systems we depend on.
The monitored wild animal populations of the world shrank by an average of 73% in fifty years, and protected nature is still far from the 2030 goal.
Threatened species index
28%
of the species assessed worldwide are threatened with extinction: 49,505 of 175,909 (July 2026). Among reef-building corals it is 44%, and among amphibians, 41%.
▼ The extinction risk index fell from 0.81 (1993) to 0.74 (2025)
Annual deforestation
10.9 million ha
of forest were cut down each year between 2015 and 2025. In 2025 alone, 4.3 million hectares of primary tropical forest were lost, 11 soccer fields per minute.
▲ In 1990–2000 it was 17.6 million ha per year
Pollinator populations
10%
of Europe's wild bees are at risk of extinction (172 of 1,928 species), as are 15% of butterflies. Worldwide, 16% of vertebrate pollinators, such as birds and bats, are threatened.
▼ 172 bee species threatened in Europe; in 2014 there were 77
Restored area
124.3 million ha
are under restoration or improved management worldwide, about twice the size of France. That is just 10.4% of the 1.2 billion hectares countries pledged to restore.
Soil and water quality
56%
of monitored rivers, lakes and aquifers have good water quality (2023). On land, 34% of agricultural land is degraded by human activity.
▼ At least 100 million ha of healthy land are lost each year
Average size of monitored vertebrate populations (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), with 1970 as 100%. Move the slider to see each year: in 2020 the world stood at 27%, rivers and lakes at 15% and Latin America at 5%.
It is an average of 34,836 populations of 5,495 species: it does not count animals one by one. A 73% drop does not mean there are 73% fewer animals in total.
Area protected or conserved today. The white line marks the global goal of 30% by 2030. The last bar shows how much of what countries pledged to restore is already underway.
Protection figures updated in October 2026; they include protected areas and other effectively conserved areas.
The world set goals for 2030. In October 2026 countries meet again to see how much progress has been made.